Ì첩ÌåÓý

The most common cause of a stiff, narrowed aortic valve (aortic stenosis) is a buildup of scar tissue and calcium on the valve. Factors that contribute to narrowing of this valve include age, an inborn valve defect, and various diseases such as kidney disease. Aortic stenosis can cause shortness of breath, fatigue, and lightheadedness, especially during physical activity.

A study published Jan. 18, 2022, in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that people who consumed the most olive oil had a 19% lower risk of dying during a 28-year study period, compared with those who rarely or never consumed olive oil.

Consuming just a half-tablespoon or more of olive oil a day is linked to a lower risk of dying from heart disease and other chronic health conditions.

Heart attacks occur when a blocked coronary artery prevents blood flow to part of the heart. Cardiac arrest is caused by an electrical misfire that causes the heart to abruptly stop beating.

According to the "active grandparent" hypothesis, humans evolved to be physically active throughout life. That frequent movement helps ward off chronic disease (including heart disease) and promotes longevity. While hunter-gatherers had to be active to survive, they also had a natural instinct to avoid unnecessary activity to preserve energy when food was scarce. Modern humans don't need to expend physical effort to meet their basic needs for food and survival. Instead, they must exercise (defined as discretionary activity for the sake of health) to stay healthy and live a long life.

The American Heart Association released updated dietary guidelines in November 2021. Instead of focusing on certain nutrients, the guidelines emphasize healthy eating patterns that include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, plant-based proteins, and plant-based oils. The guidelines also urge people to avoid foods and drinks that are ultra-processed or that have lots of added sugars; to choose or prepare foods with little or no salt; to limit alcohol consumption; and to follow the rules for a heart-healthy diet no matter what the setting.

Eating breakfast is a good opportunity to eat some of the nutrient-rich foods that help keep the heart in good shape. One option is whole-grain toast topped with avocado, which is rich in healthy fats and fiber. Another is oatmeal, known for its ability to lower cholesterol. Adding fruits and nuts provides additional nutrition. Eggs are another acceptable choice, ideally paired with vegetables instead of bacon, sausage, and white toast.

Consuming less sodium and more potassium may be linked to better heart health, according to a November 2021 study published in the New England Journal of Medicine. After controlling for other risk factors, the researchers found that for every extra 1,000 milligrams (mg) of sodium detected in the urine, there was an 18% increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. For every extra 1,000 mg of potassium in the urine, there was an 18% decrease in risk.

A 2021 study found that a low-carb diet may not necessarily be bad for heart health, despite its high saturated fat content. However, the study period was short, and the diet used in the trial was healthier than many low-carb approaches. More research is needed to confirm the results. In the meantime, experts recommend finding a sustainable diet that provides a healthy daily mix of nutritious foods instead of solely looking at carbohydrate content.

High blood pressure not only can raise risk for a heart attack, but also can affect the brain. Keeping blood pressure normal can make brain injury from stroke less likely to happen and perhaps slow the natural decline in cognitive function. Just like with the heart, the best way to protect the brain from high blood pressure is to lower blood pressure if it's high and keep it as close to a normal level as possible.